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diff --git a/users/fcuny/blog/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.org b/users/fcuny/blog/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.org deleted file mode 100644 index 60b433f..0000000 --- a/users/fcuny/blog/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.org +++ /dev/null @@ -1,131 +0,0 @@ -#+TITLE: Making sense of Intel and AMD CPUs naming -#+DATE: <2021-12-29 Wed> -#+TAGS[]: amd intel cpu -#+toc: headlines 1 - -* Intel -** Core -The line up for the core family is i3, i5, i7 and i9. As of December 2021, the current generation is Alder Lake (12th generation). - -The brand modifiers are: -- *i3*: laptops/low-end desktop -- *i5*: mainstream users -- *i7*: high-end users -- *i9*: enthusiast users - -How to read a SKU ? Let's use the [[https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/134594/intel-core-i712700k-processor-25m-cache-up-to-5-00-ghz.html][i7-12700K]] processor: -- *i7*: high end users -- *12*: 12th generation -- *700*: SKU digits, usually assigned in the order the processors are developed -- *K*: unlocked - -List of suffixes: -| suffix | meaning | -|--------+----------------------------------------| -| G.. | integrated graphics | -| E | embedded | -| F | require discrete graphic card | -| H | high performance for mobile | -| HK | high performance for mobile / unlocked | -| K | unlocked | -| S | special edition | -| T | power optimized lifestyle | -| U | mobile power efficient | -| Y | mobile low power | -| X/XE | unlocked, high end | - -#+begin_quote -*Unlocked,* what does that means ? -A processor with the *K* suffix is made with the an unlocked clock multiplier. When used with some specific chipset, it's possible to overclock the processor. -#+end_quote -*** Sockets/Chipsets -For the Alder Lake generation, the supported socket is the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700][LGA_1700]]. - -For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are: -| feature | [[https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218833/intel-z690-chipset.html][z690]] | [[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218831/intel-h670-chipset/specifications.html][h670]] | [[https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218832/intel-b660-chipset.html][b660]] | [[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218829/intel-h610-chipset/specifications.html][h610]] | -|-----------------------------+----------+----------+---------+------| -| P and E cores over clocking | yes | no | no | no | -| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | no | -| DMI 4 lanes | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | -| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | up to 12 | up to 12 | up to 6 | none | -| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | up to 16 | up to 12 | up to 8 | 8 | -| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 8 | up to 8 | 4 | 4 | - -*** Alder Lake (12th generation) -| model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | -|------------+---------+---------+------------+---------------+------| -| i9-12900K | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.2/2.4 | 5.1/3.9 | 241W | -| i9-12900KF | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.2/2.4 | 5.1/3.9 | 241W | -| i7-12700K | 8 (16) | 4 | 3.6/2.7 | 4.9/3.8 | 190W | -| i7-12700KF | 8 (16) | 4 | 3.6/2.7 | 4.9/3.8 | 190W | -| i5-12600K | 6 (12) | 4 | 3.7/2.8 | 4.9/3.6 | 150W | -| i5-12600KF | 6 (12) | 4 | 3.7/2.8 | 4.9/3.6 | 150W | - -- support DDR4 and DDR5 (up to DDR5-4800) -- support PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 (16 PCIe 5.0 and 4 PCIe 4.0) - -The socket used is the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700][LGA 1700]]. - -Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove][Golden Cove]] architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)][Gracemont]] architecture. - -This is a [[https://www.anandtech.com/show/16881/a-deep-dive-into-intels-alder-lake-microarchitectures/2][good article]] to read about this model. Inside the processor there's a microcontroller that monitors what each thread is doing. This can be used by the OS scheduler to hint on which core a thread should be scheduled on (between performance or efficiency). - -As of December 2021 this is not yet properly supported by the Linux kernel. -** Xeon -Xeon is the brand of Intel processor designed for non-consumer servers and workstations. -The most recent generations are: -- Skylake (2017) -- Cascade lake (2019) -- Cooper lake (2020) - -The following brand identifiers are used: -- platinium -- gold -- silver -- bronze -* AMD -** Ryzen -There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are based on the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)][zen micro architecture]]. The current (as of December 2021) generation is Ryzen 5000. - -The brand modifiers are: -- ryzen 3: entry level -- ryzen 5: mainstream -- ryzen 9: high end performance -- ryzen 9:enthusiast - -List of suffixes: -| suffix | meaning | -|--------+--------------------------------------------| -| X | high performance | -| G | integrated graphics | -| T | power optimized lifecycle | -| S | low power desktop with integrated graphics | -| H | high performance mobile | -| U | standard mobile | -| M | low power mobile | - -** EPYC -EPYC is the AMD brand of processors for the server market, based on the zen architecture. They use the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_SP3][SP3]] socket. The EPYC processor is chipset free. -** Threadripper -The threadripper is for high performance desktop. It uses the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_TR4][TR4]] socket. At the moment there's only one chipset that supports this process, the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_chipsets#TR4_chipsets][X399]]. - -The threadripper based on zen3 architecture is not yet released, but it's expected to hit the market in the first half of Q1 2022. -** Sockets/Chipsets -The majority of these processors use the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM4][AM4 socket]]. The threadripper line uses different sockets. - -There are multiple [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM4#Chipsets][chipset]] for the AM4 socket. The more advanced ones are the B550 and the X570. - -The threadripper processors use the TR4, sTRX4 and sWRX8 sockets. -** Zen 3 -Zen 3 was released in November 2020. -| model | cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | PCIe lanes | TDP | -|---------------+---------+------------+---------------+------------+------| -| ryzen 5 5600x | 6 (12) | 3.7 | 4.6 | 24 | 65W | -| ryzen 7 5800 | 8 (16) | 3.4 | 4.6 | 24 | 65W | -| ryzen 7 5800x | 8 (16) | 3.8 | 4.7 | 24 | 105W | -| ryzen 9 5900 | 12 (24) | 3.0 | 4.7 | 24 | 65W | -| ryzen 9 5900x | 12 (24) | 3.7 | 4.8 | 24 | 105W | -| ryzen 9 5950x | 16 (32) | 3.4 | 4.9 | 24 | 105W | - -- support PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0 (except for the G series) -- only support DDR4 (up to DDR4-3200) |