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authorFranck Cuny <franck@fcuny.net>2024-07-03 16:32:51 -0700
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index 2d7bb8a..75392c6 100644
--- a/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md
+++ b/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
---
title: Making sense of Intel and AMD CPUs naming
date: 2021-12-29
-tags:
- - amd
- - intel
- - cpu
---
## Intel
@@ -14,22 +10,24 @@ tags:
The line up for the core family is i3, i5, i7 and i9. As of January 2023, the current generation is [Raptor Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raptor_Lake) (13th generation).
The brand modifiers are:
-- **i3**: laptops/low-end desktop
-- **i5**: mainstream users
-- **i7**: high-end users
-- **i9**: enthusiast users
+
+- **i3**: laptops/low-end desktop
+- **i5**: mainstream users
+- **i7**: high-end users
+- **i9**: enthusiast users
How to read a SKU ? Let's use the [i7-12700K](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/134594/intel-core-i712700k-processor-25m-cache-up-to-5-00-ghz.html) processor:
-- **i7**: high end users
-- **12**: 12th generation
-- **700**: SKU digits, usually assigned in the order the processors
- are developed
-- **K**: unlocked
+
+- **i7**: high end users
+- **12**: 12th generation
+- **700**: SKU digits, usually assigned in the order the processors
+ are developed
+- **K**: unlocked
List of suffixes:
| suffix | meaning |
-|--------|----------------------------------------|
+| ------ | -------------------------------------- |
| G.. | integrated graphics |
| E | embedded |
| F | require discrete graphic card |
@@ -48,12 +46,12 @@ List of suffixes:
#### Raptor Lake (13th generation)
-Raptor lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores), similar to Alder lake. P-cores are based on the [Raptor cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove#Raptor_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) architecture (same as for Alder lake).
+Raptor lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores), similar to Alder lake. P-cores are based on the [Raptor cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove#Raptor_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)>) architecture (same as for Alder lake).
Available processors:
| model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP |
-|------------|---------|---------|------------|---------------|----------|
+| ---------- | ------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | -------- |
| i9-13900KS | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.2/2.4 | 6/4.3 | 150/253W |
| i9-13900K | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.0/2.0 | 5.8/4.3 | 125/253W |
| i9-13900KF | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.0/2.0 | 5.8/4.3 | 125/253W |
@@ -71,19 +69,19 @@ Available processors:
For the Raptor Lake generation, as for the Alder lake generation, the supported socket is the [LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700).
List of Raptor lake chipsets:
-| feature | b760[^7] | h770[^8] | z790[^9] |
+| feature | b760[^7] | h770[^8] | z790[^9] |
|-----------------------------|----------|----------|----------|
-| P and E cores over clocking | no | no | yes |
-| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes |
-| DMI 4 lanes | 4 | 8 | 8 |
-| chipset PCIe 5.0 lanes | | | |
-| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | | | |
-| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | | | |
-| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 4 | up to 8 | up to 8 |
+| P and E cores over clocking | no | no | yes |
+| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes |
+| DMI 4 lanes | 4 | 8 | 8 |
+| chipset PCIe 5.0 lanes | | | |
+| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | | | |
+| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | | | |
+| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 4 | up to 8 | up to 8 |
#### Alder Lake (12th generation)
-Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on the [Golden Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) architecture.
+Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on the [Golden Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)>) architecture.
This is a [good article](https://www.anandtech.com/show/16881/a-deep-dive-into-intels-alder-lake-microarchitectures/2) to read about this model. Inside the processor there's a microcontroller that monitors what each thread is doing. This can be used by the OS scheduler to hint on which core a thread should be scheduled on (between performance or efficiency).
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ As of December 2021 this is not yet properly supported by the Linux kernel.
Available processors:
| model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP |
-|------------|---------|---------|------------|---------------|------|
+| ---------- | ------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---- |
| i9-12900K | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.2/2.4 | 5.1/3.9 | 241W |
| i9-12900KF | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.2/2.4 | 5.1/3.9 | 241W |
| i7-12700K | 8 (16) | 4 | 3.6/2.7 | 4.9/3.8 | 190W |
@@ -100,15 +98,15 @@ Available processors:
| i5-12600K | 6 (12) | 4 | 3.7/2.8 | 4.9/3.6 | 150W |
| i5-12600KF | 6 (12) | 4 | 3.7/2.8 | 4.9/3.6 | 150W |
-- support DDR4 and DDR5 (up to DDR5-4800)
-- support PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 (16 PCIe 5.0 and 4 PCIe 4.0)
+- support DDR4 and DDR5 (up to DDR5-4800)
+- support PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 (16 PCIe 5.0 and 4 PCIe 4.0)
For the Alder Lake generation, the supported socket is the [LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700).
For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are:
| feature | z690[^1] | h670[^2] | b660[^3] | h610[^4] | q670[^6] | w680[^5] |
-|-----------------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+| --------------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| P and E cores over clocking | yes | no | no | no | no | yes |
| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | no | - | yes |
| DMI 4 lanes | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
@@ -121,37 +119,38 @@ For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are:
Xeon is the brand of Intel processor designed for non-consumer servers and workstations. The most recent generations are:
| name | availability |
-|-----------------|--------------|
+| --------------- | ------------ |
| Skylake | 2015 |
| Cascade lake | 2019 |
| Cooper lake | 2022 |
| Sapphire rapids | 2023 |
The following brand identifiers are used:
-- platinium
-- gold
-- silver
-- bronze
+
+- platinium
+- gold
+- silver
+- bronze
## AMD
### Ryzen
-There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are based on the [zen micro architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)).
+There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are based on the [zen micro architecture](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)>).
The current (as of January 2023) generation is Ryzen 7000.
The brand modifiers are:
-- ryzen 3: entry level
-- ryzen 5: mainstream
-- ryzen 9: high end performance
-- ryzen 9: enthusiast
+- ryzen 3: entry level
+- ryzen 5: mainstream
+- ryzen 9: high end performance
+- ryzen 9: enthusiast
List of suffixes:
| suffix | meaning |
-|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| X | high performance |
| G | integrated graphics |
| T | power optimized lifecycle |
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ The threadripper processors use the TR4, sTRX4 and sWRX8 sockets.
Zen 3 was released in November 2020.
| model | cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | PCIe lanes | TDP |
-|---------------|---------|------------|---------------|------------|------|
+| ------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---------- | ---- |
| ryzen 5 5600x | 6 (12) | 3.7 | 4.6 | 24 | 65W |
| ryzen 7 5800 | 8 (16) | 3.4 | 4.6 | 24 | 65W |
| ryzen 7 5800x | 8 (16) | 3.8 | 4.7 | 24 | 105W |
@@ -192,8 +191,8 @@ Zen 3 was released in November 2020.
| ryzen 9 5900x | 12 (24) | 3.7 | 4.8 | 24 | 105W |
| ryzen 9 5950x | 16 (32) | 3.4 | 4.9 | 24 | 105W |
-- support PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0 (except for the G series)
-- only support DDR4 (up to DDR4-3200)
+- support PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0 (except for the G series)
+- only support DDR4 (up to DDR4-3200)
### Zen 4
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ Zen 4 was released in September 2022.
- all desktop processors feature 2 x 4 lane PCIe interfaces (mostly for M.2 storage devices)
| model | cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP |
-|-----------------|---------|------------|---------------|------|
+| --------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---- |
| ryzen 5 7600x | 6 (12) | 4.7 | 5.3 | 105W |
| ryzen 5 7600 | 6 (12) | 3.8 | 5.1 | 65W |
| ryzen 7 7800X3D | 8 (16) | | 5.0 | 120W |
@@ -216,7 +215,6 @@ Zen 4 was released in September 2022.
| ryzen 9 7950X | 16 (32) | 4.5 | 5.7 | 170W |
| ryzen 9 7950X3D | 16 (32) | 4.2 | 5.7 | 120W |
-
[^1]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218833/intel-z690-chipset.html
[^2]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218831/intel-h670-chipset/specifications.html